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Spinal Stabilization & Revision

Spinal Fusion & Complex Revision Surgery

When the spine needs to be stabilized, fusion can bring lasting relief — but it is not always the right first answer. Dr. Tyndall is a strong advocate for motion preservation, weighing options like disc replacement before recommending fusion, and reserving fusion for the cases that truly need it. When fusion is the answer, he performs it with minimally invasive, navigation-guided precision — and brings specific expertise to complex and revision cases.

What Is Spinal Fusion?

Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure that permanently joins two or more vertebrae so they heal into a single, solid bone. By eliminating motion at a painful or unstable segment — much the way a cast lets a broken bone knit together — fusion can relieve pain and restore stability to the spine.

To create the fusion, Dr. Tyndall removes the worn or damaged disc and places a spacer (called a cage) packed with bone graft into the cleared disc space. This restores the height between the vertebrae and gives new bone a healthy bed to grow across. The segment is then secured with instrumentation — screws, rods, and the interbody cage — which holds everything in position while the bone fuses over the following weeks.

Fusion is used to stop painful motion or to stabilize a spine that has become unstable. It is a powerful, time-tested operation — but because it removes motion at the treated level, Dr. Tyndall reserves it for situations that genuinely require stabilization and always weighs motion-preserving alternatives first.

When Fusion Is Needed

Fusion is the right choice when the spine needs to be stabilized or when motion at a segment is the source of pain. Common reasons Dr. Tyndall recommends a fusion include:

Instability
When vertebrae move abnormally against one another and need to be locked into a stable position
Spondylolisthesis
A vertebra that has slipped forward over the one below it, often causing instability and nerve pressure
Severe degenerative disc disease
Advanced disc breakdown causing mechanical back pain that has not responded to nonsurgical care
Recurrent disc problems
Discs that herniate again at the same level, or instability that develops after prior decompression
Deformity & scoliosis
Abnormal curvature that requires correction and stabilization to restore balanced alignment
Fracture
Vertebral fractures that have made the spine unstable and need to be reinforced
Failed prior surgery
A previous operation that did not relieve pain — or a fusion that did not fully heal — that needs to be re-evaluated and corrected (see failed back surgery syndrome)
Interactive — compare the two approaches

Fusion vs. Motion Preservation

Dr. Tyndall prefers to preserve motion when a patient qualifies — and reserves fusion for cases that truly need stabilization. Choose an option to see when each is preferred.

Motion Preservation — Artificial Disc Replacement

When the problem is a worn or herniated disc but the spine is otherwise stable, an artificial disc can replace the damaged disc while keeping the segment moving naturally. This reduces stress on the levels above and below, lowering the risk of adjacent segment breakdown over time. As a motion-preservation advocate, this is the option Dr. Tyndall prefers when a patient is a good candidate.

Best when
A symptomatic disc, but a stable spine and healthy facet joints
Keeps motion
Yes — the treated level continues to move
Healing
No need to wait for bone to fuse; often faster functional recovery
Learn about disc replacement
Vertebra Vertebra Artificial disc Motion preserved

Spinal Fusion — Stabilization

When the spine is unstable, deformed, or has already failed a prior surgery, motion at the segment is the problem — and joining the vertebrae into one solid unit is the solution. Fusion stops the painful, unstable motion and rebuilds a stable foundation. This is the right answer for many patients, and Dr. Tyndall performs it minimally invasively whenever the anatomy allows.

Best when
Instability, spondylolisthesis, deformity, fracture, facet arthritis, or failed prior surgery
Keeps motion
No — the treated level becomes one solid bone
Healing
Bone fuses over about 6–12 weeks, confirmed on follow-up X-ray
Vertebra Vertebra Cage + bone graft Screws & rod Segment stabilized

Diagrams are simplified illustrations for education and are not exact anatomical depictions. Dr. Tyndall evaluates each patient individually to choose the approach with the greatest benefit and the least impact on natural function.

Interactive — click each step

A Minimally Invasive Fusion, Step by Step

Complex & Revision Spine Surgery

Some of the most challenging spine problems are in patients who have already had surgery and are still in pain. “Failed back surgery syndrome” sounds final, but it usually means one specific, correctable problem was missed or has developed since — and there is a reason worth finding. Dr. Tyndall brings specific expertise in complex and revision spine surgery, and the most important step is correctly identifying why the first surgery did not work.

Thorough re-evaluation
Reviewing prior operative records, examining you, and using the right imaging to pinpoint the true source of pain
Pseudarthrosis / non-union
Addressing a fusion that never solidly knit together, by refreshing the bone, adding graft, and re-stabilizing
Adjacent segment disease
Treating a level next to a prior fusion that has worn out under the added stress
Hardware problems
Removing or replacing screws, rods, or cages that have loosened, shifted, or broken
Interactive — tap a milestone

What Recovery Looks Like

The hardware stabilizes the spine immediately, but the bone itself fuses gradually — typically over about 6 to 12 weeks, confirmed on a follow-up X-ray, with continued maturing over the following months.

Timelines are typical ranges and vary with the number of levels treated and individual healing. Dr. Tyndall gives every patient a personalized recovery plan.

Are You a Candidate?

Fusion is usually considered after nonsurgical care — rest, medication, physical therapy, and injections — has not given enough relief, and when stabilization is genuinely needed. Check any that sound like you to see where you might stand. This is an educational tool, not a diagnosis.

Sudden severe weakness in a leg or arm, or loss of bladder or bowel control, can be a surgical emergency — seek care right away or call 911.

Why Choose Dr. Tyndall for Fusion & Revision Surgery

The surgeon you choose matters far more than any single technique. Dr. Tyndall pairs two decades of specialized experience with a motion-first philosophy and specific expertise in complex, revision cases.

Motion-Preservation Advocate
Prefers disc replacement and other motion-sparing options when possible, reserving fusion for cases that truly need stabilization
Minimally Invasive Fusion
Tissue-sparing techniques for less muscle damage, less blood loss, and a faster recovery than traditional open fusion
Complex & Revision Expertise
Specific experience correcting failed, painful, or incomplete prior fusions by identifying the real cause first
Navigation Pioneer
First spine surgeon in Indiana to use computerized navigation for outpatient minimally invasive spine surgery
Elite Training
NYU medical degree, Stanford residency, fellowship at Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) — with 20+ years of experience
Lakeshore Bone & Joint Institute
Board-certified orthopedic spine surgeon at Northwest Indiana's most preferred orthopedic practice

Frequently Asked Questions About Spinal Fusion

Spinal fusion is a procedure that permanently joins two or more vertebrae so they heal into a single, solid bone. By eliminating motion at a painful or unstable segment, fusion can relieve pain and stabilize the spine. Dr. Tyndall typically removes the worn disc, places a spacer (cage) packed with bone graft, and supports the segment with screws and rods, performing the procedure with minimally invasive, navigation-guided techniques whenever possible.
Dr. Tyndall is a strong advocate for motion preservation and prefers artificial disc replacement when a patient qualifies, because it keeps the spine moving and reduces stress on neighboring levels. Fusion is the better answer when the spine needs to be stabilized — for example with instability, spondylolisthesis (a slipped vertebra), spinal deformity such as scoliosis, fractures, significant facet joint arthritis, or a level that has already been operated on. He weighs both options for every patient and recommends fusion only when stabilization is truly required.
The screws, rods, and cage provide immediate stability, but the bone itself fuses gradually — typically over about six to twelve weeks, with continued maturing over the following months. Dr. Tyndall confirms healing with follow-up X-rays and gives each patient an individualized recovery plan. Most patients return to light activity within a few weeks and increase activity over time.
Yes. Dr. Tyndall frequently performs minimally invasive fusion using small incisions, tissue-sparing techniques, and computerized navigation to place implants precisely. He was among the first surgeons in Indiana to use computerized navigation for outpatient minimally invasive spine surgery. Minimally invasive fusion can mean less muscle damage, less blood loss, and a faster recovery than traditional open fusion.
Because the hardware stabilizes the spine immediately, most patients are up and walking soon after surgery. Light daily activities resume over the first few weeks, with limits on heavy lifting, bending, and twisting while the fusion heals. The bone typically fuses over about six to twelve weeks, and most patients return to fuller activity over three to six months. Dr. Tyndall tailors recovery to the number of levels treated and individual healing.
Yes. Dr. Tyndall has specific expertise in complex and revision spine surgery for patients who continue to have pain after a prior operation. He starts by identifying the real cause — such as a fusion that did not fully heal (pseudarthrosis or non-union), wear at the level next to a fusion (adjacent segment disease), or a hardware problem — and then corrects that specific issue using minimally invasive, navigation-guided techniques when possible.
Each fused segment no longer moves, but a one- or two-level fusion usually causes little noticeable loss of overall flexibility, because the surrounding segments continue to move. Because preserving motion matters, Dr. Tyndall always considers motion-preserving options such as disc replacement first, and reserves fusion for cases that genuinely require stabilization.

Related Conditions & Procedures

Talk Through Your Options

If you have been told you may need a fusion — or want a second opinion after a prior surgery — Dr. Tyndall will review your imaging and explain whether fusion, a motion-preserving option such as disc replacement, or nonsurgical care is right for you. Call today to schedule your consultation.

(219) 250-5035

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Crown Point Office

500 E. 109th Avenue
Crown Point, IN 46307

Schererville Office

833 W. Lincoln Highway, Suite 110
Schererville, IN 46375